Habka dhammaystirka tuubooyinka birta ah waa hab lama huraan ah oo muhiim ah si loo baabi'iyo cilladaha ku jira tuubooyinka birta ah, loo sii wanaajiyo tayada tuubooyinka birta ah, loona daboolo baahiyaha isticmaalka gaarka ah ee alaabada. Dhammaystirka tuubooyinka birta ah waxaa inta badan ka mid ah: toosinta tuubooyinka birta ah, jarista dhammaadka (jajabinta, cabbirka), kormeerka iyo kormeerka (oo ay ku jiraan kormeerka tayada dusha sare, kormeerka cabbirka joomatari, kormeerka aan burburin iyo tijaabada haydarooliga, iwm.), shiididda, cabbirka dhererka, miisaanka, rinjiyeynta, daabacaadda iyo hababka baakadaha. Qaar ka mid ah tuubooyinka birta ah ee ujeeddada gaarka ah leh ayaa sidoo kale u baahan qarax dusha sare ah, farsamaynta farsamada, daaweynta ka hortagga daxalka, iwm.
(I) Cilladaha toosinta tuubooyinka birta ah iyo ka hortaggooda
⒈ Ujeeddada toosinta tuubooyinka birta ah:
① Ka saar foorarsiga (aan toosnayn) ee uu soo saaro tuubada birta ah inta lagu jiro geeddi-socodka rogrogidda, rarista, daaweynta kulaylka iyo qaboojinta
② Yaree qaabka tuubooyinka birta ah
⒉ Cilladaha tayada ee ay keento tuubada birta ah inta lagu jiro habka toosinta: oo la xiriira qaabka mashiinka toosinta, qaabka godka, hagaajinta godka iyo astaamaha tuubada birta ah.
⒊ Cilladaha tayada ee toosinta tuubooyinka birta ah: tuubooyinka birta ah lama toosin (laabashada dhammaadka tuubooyinka), godan, afargeesle ah, dildilaacsan, xoqidda dusha sare iyo daloolada, iwm.
(ii) Cilladaha jarista iyo jarista tuubooyinka birta ah iyo ka hortagga
⒈ Ujeeddada shiidida cilladaha dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah: si loo baabi'iyo cilladaha dusha sare ee loo oggol yahay inay jiraan heerarka tuubooyinka birta ah laakiin waa in la sifeeyaa si loo hagaajiyo tayada dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah.
2. Cilladaha ay keento shiididda dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah: Sababta ugu weyn ayaa ah in qoto dheeraanta iyo qaabka meelaha shiididdu ka dib shiididdu ay ka badan yihiin shuruudaha ku xusan heerka, taasoo keenta in dhexroorka dibadda iyo dhumucda derbiga ee tuubada birta ahi ay ka badan yihiin leexashada taban ama ay yeeshaan qaab aan caadi ahayn.
⒊ Shiididda dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah waa inay guud ahaan buuxisaa shuruudaha soo socda:
① Ka dib marka cilladaha dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah la hagaajiyo, dhumucda derbiga ee aagga la dayactiray ma noqon karto mid ka yar leexashada taban ee dhumucda derbiga magacaaban ee tuubada birta ah, dhexroorka dibadda ee aagga la dayactirayna waa inuu buuxiyaa shuruudaha dhexroorka dibadda ee tuubada birta ah.
②Ka dib marka dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah la shiido, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah laga dhigo mid siman oo qaloocan (qaas xad dhaaf ah). Qoto dheer oo shiidid ah: ballaca: dhererka = 1:6:8
③ Marka la shiidiyo tuubada birta ah guud ahaan, waa inaysan jirin wax gubasho xad dhaaf ah ama calaamado muuqda oo ku yaal dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah.
④ Meelaha dusha sare ee shiididda ee tuubada birta ah waa inaysan dhaafin tirada ku xusan heerka.
⒋ Cilladaha ugu waaweyn ee ay keento jarista tuubooyinka birta ah waxaa ka mid ah: wejiga ugu dambeeya ee tuubada birta ah ma aha mid toosan, waxaa jira burrs iyo wareegyo, xagasha godadkana waa khaldan tahay, iwm.
⒌ Hagaajinta toosan ee tuubada birta ah iyo yaraynta qaabka u eg ee tuubada birta ah ayaa ah shuruudo lagu hubinayo tayada jarista tuubada birta ah. Tuubooyinka birta ah ee leh dahaarka sare, waa in laga fogaadaa jarista ololka intii suurtagal ah si loo yareeyo dhacdooyinka dildilaaca dhammaadka tuubada.
(iii) Cilladaha farsamaynta dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah iyo ka hortaggooda
⒈ Habaynta dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah waxaa inta badan ka mid ah: xoqidda dusha sare, shiididda guud ee dusha sare iyo farsamaynta farsamada.
⒉ Ujeeddo: Si loo sii wanaajiyo tayada dusha sare iyo saxnaanta cabbirka ee tuubooyinka birta ah.
⒊ Qalabka loogu talagalay shiididda guud ee dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah waxaa inta badan ka mid ah: suunka xoqidda, giraangiraha shiididda iyo qalabka mashiinka shiididda. Ka dib shiididda guud ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah, miisaanka oksaydhka ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah waa la baabi'in karaa, dhammaadka dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah waa la hagaajin karaa, dusha sare ee tuubada birta ahna waa la saari karaa. Cilladaha yaryar sida dildilaaca yaryar, khadadka timaha, godadka, xoqidda, iwm.
① Isticmaal suunka xoqidda ama giraangiraha shiididda si aad si buuxda ugu shiido dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah. Cilladaha tayada ugu muhiimsan ee ka dhalan kara waxaa ka mid ah: maqaarka madow ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah, dhumucda derbiga oo xad dhaaf ah, meelaha fidsan (polygons), godad, gubasho iyo calaamado xirasho, iwm.
② Maqaarka madow ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah waxaa sababa xaddiga shiididda oo aad u yar ama godadka dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah. Kordhinta xaddiga shiididda waxay meesha ka saari kartaa maqaarka madow ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah.
③ Dhumucda derbiga tuubada birta ah waa mid aan dulqaad lahayn sababtoo ah leexashada taban ee dhumucda derbiga ee tuubada birta ah lafteedu aad ayay u weyn tahay ama xaddiga shiididdu aad ayuu u weyn yahay.
④ Gubashada dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah waxaa inta badan sababa cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ee u dhexeeya giraangiraha shiididda iyo dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah, xaddiga shiididda tuubada birta ah ee hal shiididda, iyo giraangiraha shiididda ee la isticmaalay oo aad u qallafsan.
⑤ Yaree tirada shiididda tuubooyinka birta ah hal mar. Isticmaal giraangir shiidid qallafsan si aad u shiido tuubada birta ah iyo giraangir shiidid fiican si aad u shiido. Tani ma aha oo kaliya inay ka hortagto gubashada dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay yareyn kartaa calaamadaha xirashada ee ka soo baxa dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah.
⒋ Dillaac rasaas ah oo ku taal dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah
① Biyo-mareenka dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah waa in lagu buufiyo rasaas bir ah ama rasaas ciid quartz ah oo cabbir gaar ah dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah xawaare sare si loo garaaco miisaanka oksaydhka ee dusha sare si loo hagaajiyo simanaanta dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah.
②Cabbirka iyo adkaanta tallaalka ciidda iyo xawaaraha duritaanka ayaa ah arrimo muhiim ah oo saameeya tayada daloolka tallaalka ee dusha sare ee tuubada birta ah.
⒌ Mashiinka dusha sare ee tuubooyinka birta ah
①Qaar ka mid ah tuubooyinka birta ah ee leh shuruudaha tayada sare ee gudaha iyo dibadda waxay u baahan yihiin farsamayn farsamo.
②Saxnaanta cabbirka, tayada dusha sare iyo qalooca tuubooyinka la farsameeyay lama barbar dhigi karo tuubooyinka kulul ee la duubay.
Marka la soo koobo, habka dhammaystirku waa hab lama huraan ah oo aad muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo tayada tuubooyinka birta ah. Xoojinta doorka habka dhammaystirku shaki la'aan waxay gacan ka geysan doontaa horumarinta tayada tuubooyinka birta ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-01-2024
